Indzaba in Eswatini
Ndaba in Tanzania
Sometimes called talking circles, this means collecting data from a medium sized group (dare, about 8 people) or large group (indaba, about 16 or more people. In a dare or indaba, people meet face to face or online. Each person has an equal chance to participate. Rounds vary, usually about four. This method values equality, respect, togetherness and collective knowledge building (Chilisa 2019). In other communities, a symbolic act, object, food or drink is used. For example, clapping hands before you speak, holding a walking stick before speaking, saying words of respect or praise titles/names before speaking, passing a cup with a drink or brew etc.
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