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- What are artifacts?
- The role of Christianity and Islam in cultural colonisation and artifacts theft
- Hundreds of African artifacts hidden from Africans
- Abrahamic artifacts were introduced to replace African artifacts
- What could social workers around the world do to address this form of injustice
- Further reading
What are artifacts?
Artifacts are works of art that are inspired by people’s religion, philosophy and culture. In fact, artifacts are culture, philosophy and religion. Africa developed many artifacts along the years, and continues to do so today.
The role of Christianity and Islam in cultural colonisation and artifacts theft
When Abrahamic religion preachers of the Christian and Islamic faith came to Africa, and colonised its religion, they called these artifacts pagan, yet, they took them to their countries, and thousands of these artifacts were sold to individuals, corporates or put in museums.
Hundreds of African artifacts hidden from Africans
- 70,000 artifacts are at Musee du Quai Branly in France,
- 69,000 are at the British Museum
- 37,000 artifacts are at the Weltmuseum in Austria
- 75,000 artifacts are at the Future Humboldt Forum in Germany/Germany’s Ethnological Museum
- 180,000 at the Musee Royal de l’Afrique Centrale in Belgium
- Netherlands’ National Museum of World Cultures has 66,000
- about 50,000 in United States of America
- Many artifacts in Arab countries outside Africa
- Thousands are in private hands globally but mostly in Europe
Only a few hundreds have been returned. At one point, France promised to return only 26! Nigeria, Benin City received only 2 statues at one time. This is gross hypocrisy and paternalism.
Abrahamic artifacts were introduced to replace African artifacts
While these artifacts were taken, Abrahamic artifacts were introduced, and these include:
- The cross
- Artifacts depicting Mary
- Artifacts depicting Jesus
- Artifacts depicting the bible
- Candles
- Figures of angels
- Artifacts of Islam
These artifacts promote the cultures, religions and philosophies of the source countries, and contribute to the colonisation of Africa.
What could social workers around the world do to address this form of injustice
- The stealing and refusal to return the artifacts is a major social justice issue which often, social workers neglect to focus on issues of less importance to colonised nations. Often social workers from the west write or lobby Africa to adopt ‘rights’ that they choose, but they are silent when it comes to historical injustices, cultural and spiritual rights. Social justice in social work can not be achieved by neglecting older injustices.
- Some social workers in western and middle-eastern countries see these artefacts, with their families in museums, and even have some at their places of work or at home. It would be helpful, if they join the collective lobbying for the return of these artifacts.
- Global social work organisations, among them the IFSW and IASSW, should also be joining this kind of lobbying, in the same manner they respond to injustices in other regions of the world. Work may have been done previously, but a continuous process of lobbying is desirable, not only for Africa but many other cultures whose works of art was stolen and not yet returned.
- There are many African social workers who are now working in colonising countries, and would be beneficial if they join movements or even form some, to lobby for the return of stolen property.
- Africa’s social workers, wherever they are, should be defending the return of the artifacts, and challenge colonial thinking that Africa is unable to keep its own artifacts, therefore, it should not have access to its own artifacts – a denial of its tangible culture, philosophy, heritage and spirituality.
Further reading
Who are Westerners guarding African artifacts from – Africans themselves? They are denying Africans from their culture and religion for their own and economic benefits enjoyment but they in turn say African’s religion and culture is bad. The solution – all artifacts from public and private places must be returned.
Thank you for this article. I agree all items looted from Africa should be returned Immediately. It makes me sick that this happened and also that countries and museums are refusing or slow walking the return of items. When I read that some museums are considering LOANING some items to Africa it made me so angry. How dare they say this. These western countries and institutions, which I am a white citizen of, have NO RIGHTS to these items and never did. In so many cases the West stole items after burning down African villages, homes and cities and killing or enslaving African people. What will it take for the west to acknowledge this? You said it so well “Who are Westerners guarding African artifacts from – Africans themselves? They are denying Africans from their culture and religion for their own and economic benefits enjoyment but they in turn say African’s religion and culture is bad. The solution – all artifacts from public and private places must be returned” I read so many of these places are refusing to give Africans back their possessions. It’s very heartbreaking. What will it take for the West to acknowledge the trauma and frustration this is causing from looting these items and remains and refusing to give them back. Maybe we should dig up the West’s grandmothers, children, leaders, and valuables and display them to the public. Would the West be ok w that?Maybe have an auction for the remains of people from the US, UK, Denmark, etc. and give them to the highest bidder. Or should we say to the West we will give back your grandmothers remains and items when you give Africa back their grandmothers remains and items. Maybe tell them we’ll give back their relatives remains and valuables on loan. The Wests justifications to keep these remains and items is repulsive. I’ll write some emails to these museums and tell others to do the same. I know it’s an ongoing struggle to get them back and I hope all items are returned to their rightful home very soon.
Dear Pam Halfmann,
Thank you for your contribution to this blog post and for promising to write some letters to the museums.
It is when we act that justice can be realised.
ASWNET